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 {{ :libertarian_socialism_version_2_0_by_mylittletripod-d7x8uf9.png?nolink&200|Libertarian Socialism Logo: a black star with a red fist and a yellow snake}} {{ :libertarian_socialism_version_2_0_by_mylittletripod-d7x8uf9.png?nolink&200|Libertarian Socialism Logo: a black star with a red fist and a yellow snake}}
 As Solar Punk envisions a free and egalitarian world, its politics take the form of Libertarian Socialism; a group of anti-authoritarian political philosophies inside the socialist movement that rejects the conception of socialism as centralized state ownership and control of the economy. Libertarian socialism  criticizes wage labour relationships within the workplace, instead emphasizing workers' self-management of the workplace and decentralized structures of directly democratic political organization. It often rejects the state itself, and asserts that a society based on freedom and justice can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite. All of this is generally done within a general call for libertarian and voluntary human relationships through the identification, criticism, and practical dismantling of illegitimate authority in all aspects of human life. As Solar Punk envisions a free and egalitarian world, its politics take the form of Libertarian Socialism; a group of anti-authoritarian political philosophies inside the socialist movement that rejects the conception of socialism as centralized state ownership and control of the economy. Libertarian socialism  criticizes wage labour relationships within the workplace, instead emphasizing workers' self-management of the workplace and decentralized structures of directly democratic political organization. It often rejects the state itself, and asserts that a society based on freedom and justice can be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and economic elite. All of this is generally done within a general call for libertarian and voluntary human relationships through the identification, criticism, and practical dismantling of illegitimate authority in all aspects of human life.
----- 
-===== Social Ecology and Communalism ===== 
-{{ :communalism_according_to_bookchin_by_mylittletripod-d829twv.png?nolink&200|Communalism Logo: A black star outlined in red enclosed in a brown wheel with green spokes}} 
-Communalism is a system of government in which virtually autonomous local communities are brought together in a confederation under the principles and practice of communal ownership. Social Ecology is its recognition of the often-overlooked fact that nearly all our present ecological problems arise from deep-seated social problems.  
-  * [[http://new-compass.net/publications/social-ecology-and-communalism|Social Ecology and Communalism]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/remaking-society-pathways-green-future|Remaking Society: Pathways to a Green Future]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/ecology-freedom-murray-bookchin|The Ecology of Freedom]] - //Murray Bookchin// ([[https://archive.org/details/ecologyoffreedom|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[https://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/communalism-a-liberatory-alternative/|Communalism: A Liberatory Alternative]] - //Marcus & Stephanie Amargi// ([[https://archive.org/details/communalism-audio-pamphlet|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-toward-a-communalist-approach|Toward a Communalist Approach]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
- 
- 
-==== Dialectical Naturalism ==== 
-{{ :eco_socialism.png?nolink&200|Eco-Socialism Logo: A yellow circle outlined in red with green leaves encircling it like flower petals}} 
-Dialectical naturalism is the philosophical underpinning of social ecology. Through dialectical naturalism we reason the evolutionary becoming of the biological world or "first nature", the emergence of the realm of culture or "second nature", and the potentiality for "free nature"—a rational and ecological society. 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/philosophy-social-ecology-essays-dialectical-naturalism|The Philosophy of Social Ecology: Essays on Dialectical Naturalism]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[http://www.williamcronon.net/writing/Trouble_with_Wilderness_Main.html|The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature]] - //William Cronon// 
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQC9YVi33uY&list=PLF1D08E4680E009FF|Institute for Social Ecology Class - 1988 (YouTube)]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_6WsYBMow4|Second Nature Lecture - 1996 (YouTube)]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
- 
- 
-==== The History of Hierarchy ==== 
-{{ :primitivism.png?nolink&200|Anarcho-Primitivism Logo: A letter A enclosed in a circle that is half black and half green. A spear shape points up in the middle of the A.}} 
-From dialectical analysis we can deduce a history of hierarchy, which traces the emergence of hierarchy from the rise of government by elders, the emergence of patriarchy, shamanistic guilds, warrior groups, chiefdoms, and eventually the state.  
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/murray-bookchin-reader|The Murray Bookchin Reader]] - //Murray Bookchin & Janet Biehl// ([[https://archive.org/details/themurraybookchinreader|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[http://www.rainmagazine.com/archive/1992/cities-against-centralization|Cities Against Centralization]] - //Greg Bryant// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-sociobiology-or-social-ecology|Sociobiology or Social Ecology]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/__Debt__The_First_5_000_Years.pdf|Debt: The First 5000 Years]] - //David Graeber// 
-  * [[https://we.riseup.net/assets/85518/People-Without-Government-an-Anthropology-of-Anarchy-Harold-B-Barclay.pdf|People Without Government: An Anthropology of Anarchy]] - //Harold Barclay//   
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z6dr4Dzd0-4&list=PLhGI3wbLoSyA4dy-JB4LhA2asstu-FtCf|Advanced Concepts Class - 1996 (YouTube)]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
- 
- 
-==== Ecological Critique ==== 
-{{ :post_scarcity_anarchism.png?nolink&200|Post-Scarcity Anarchism Logo: A windmill shape enclosed in a circle that is half yellow and half black}} 
-With history for evidence, an ecological critique finds that the idea of dominating nature emerges from the domination of human by human. Economic, ethnic, cultural, and gender conflicts, among many others, lie at the core of the most serious ecological problems we face today. Minimally, an ecological society must eliminate the domination of human by human. 
-  * [[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/planet/planet.html|Death of a Small Planet]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/dismal/dismal.html|Will Ecology become 'The Dismal Science'?]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/ANARCHIST_ARCHIVES/bookchin/socecovdeepeco.html|Social Ecology versus Deep Ecology]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-the-population-myth|The Population Myth]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/RethinkingEcofeministPolitics/page/n0|Rethinking Ecofeminist Politics]] - //Janet Biehl// 
-  * [[http://freeocalan.org/books/#/book/liberating-life-womans-revolution|Liberating Life: Woman's Revolution]] - Abdullah Öcalan 
-  * [[http://social-ecology.org/wp/2005/01/ambiguities-of-animal-rights/|Ambiguities of Animal Rights]] - //Peter Staudenmaier// 
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrdIdakXaiw&list=PL4D2745191AB27C64|Waterloo Lecture - 1985 (YouTube)]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
- 
- 
-==== Libertarian Municipalism ==== 
-{{ :libertarian_municipalism_by_mylittletripod-d829x3f.png?nolink&200|Libertarian Municipalism Logo: Connected groups of multicoloured people surround red hands that reach up to grab yellow triangles}} 
-We develop a political strategy, from ecological critique, for a libertarian municipalist society - organised as a confederation of directly democratic municipal assemblies, production would be municipalised and brought under the control of the assemblies, and the market economy would be replaced with a moral economy. 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/urbanization-without-cities-rise-decline-citizenship|Urbanization Without Cities: The Rise and Decline of Citizenship]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/next-revolution-popular-assemblies-promise-direct-democracy|The Next Revolution: Popular Assemblies & The Promise of Direct Democracy]] - //Murray Bookchin// ([[https://archive.org/details/thenextrevolution|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[http://freeocalan.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Ocalan-Democratic-Confederalism.pdf|Democratic Confederalism]] - //Abdullah Öcalan// ([[https://archive.org/details/DemocraticConfederalismAudioBook|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[http://freeocalan.org/books/#book/democratic-nation|Democratic Nation]] - //Abdullah Öcalan//  
-  * [[http://social-ecology.org/wp/1991/04/libertarian-municipalism-an-overview/|Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[http://social-ecology.org/wp/1991/04/the-left-that-was-a-personal-reflection/|The Left That Was: A Personal Reflection]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[http://social-ecology.org/wp/1999/08/thoughts-on-libertarian-municipalism/|Thoughts on Libertarian Municipalism]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
-  * [[http://www.social-ecology.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/The_Politics_of_Social_Ecology2.pdf|The Politics of Social Ecology: Libertarian Municipalism]] - //Janet Biehl// ([[https://archive.org/details/TPoSE|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqPwr-cVz_M|Forms of Freedom Talk - 1985 (YouTube)]] - //Murray Bookchin// 
- 
- 
-==== Utopian Vision ==== 
-{{ :communism.png?nolink&200|Communism Logo: A red star with a grey gear between its top and left points, green leaves between its top and right points and sun beams against a blue sky below it}} 
-Seeking to reconstruct society both physically and institutionally, this utopianism includes practical experiments and alternative technology. 
-  * [[http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/to-be-realistic-demand-the-impossible-toward-a-visionary-left|To Be Realistic, Demand the Impossible: Toward a Visionary Left]] - //Blair Taylor// 
-  * [[http://social-ecology.org/wp/1983/12/the-utopian-impulse-reflections-on-a-tradition/|The Utopian Impulse: Reflections on a Tradition]] - //Dan Chodorkoff// 
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BO41m5tMLm4|Institute for Social Ecology Interview - 2012 (YouTube)]] - //Dan Chodorkoff// 
- 
 ---- ----
  
 ===== Anarchism ===== ===== Anarchism =====
-{{ :1200px-anarchy-symbol.svg.png?nolink&200|Anarchy Logo: A black letter A enclosed in a black circle }}+{{ :1200px-anarchy-symbol.svg.png?nolink&175|Anarchy Logo: A black letter A enclosed in a black circle }}
 [[Anarchism]] is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary, cooperative stateless societies, rejecting hierarchies they view as unjust. Anarchism holds capitalism, the state, and representative democracy to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful. Anarchism specifically entails opposing authority or hierarchical organisation in the conduct of all human relations. Anarchism does not offer a fixed body of doctrine from a single particular world view. Many types and traditions of anarchism exist, ranging from collectivism to individualism, not all of which are mutually exclusive.  [[Anarchism]] is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary, cooperative stateless societies, rejecting hierarchies they view as unjust. Anarchism holds capitalism, the state, and representative democracy to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful. Anarchism specifically entails opposing authority or hierarchical organisation in the conduct of all human relations. Anarchism does not offer a fixed body of doctrine from a single particular world view. Many types and traditions of anarchism exist, ranging from collectivism to individualism, not all of which are mutually exclusive. 
- +  * [[http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-graeber-are-you-an-anarchist-the-answer-may-surprise-you|Are You An Anarchist? The Answer May Surprise You!]] - //David Graeber// ([[https://www.invidio.us/watch?v=-G19LwrJwkw|Audiobook]]) 
- +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-an-anarchist-programme|An Anarchist Programme]] - //Errico Malatesta// ([[https://invidio.us/watch?v=O1jxOsFsKnY|Audiobook]])
-=== Works === +
   * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy|Anarchy]] - //Errico Malatesta// ([[https://librivox.org/anarchy-by-errico-malatesta/|Audiobook]])   * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/errico-malatesta-anarchy|Anarchy]] - //Errico Malatesta// ([[https://librivox.org/anarchy-by-errico-malatesta/|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/emma-goldman-anarchism-and-other-essays|Anarchism and Other Essays]] - //Emma Goldman// ([[https://librivox.org/anarchism-and-other-essays-by-emma-goldman-2/|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alexander-berkman-what-is-communist-anarchism|What Is Communist Anarchism?]] - //Alexander Berkman// ([[https://www.invidio.us/playlist?list=PLTeHv2rWFci71J6xKEGQXgwFECQhqIPcR|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-post-scarcity-anarchism|Post-Scarcity Anarchism]] - //Murray Bookchin// ([[https://www.invidio.us/watch?v=xG9HLYm3ZQ4|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/petr-kropotkin-the-conquest-of-bread|The Conquest of Bread]] - //Peter Kropotkin// ([[https://librivox.org/conquest-bread-2-by-peter-kropotkin/|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-graeber-on-the-phenomenon-of-bullshit-jobs-a-work-rant|On The Phenomenon of Bullshit Jobs]] - //David Graeber// ([[https://www.invidio.us/watch?v=z6cvmnKTJLA|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/henry-david-thoreau-civil-disobedience|Civil Disobedience]] - //Henry David Thoreau// ([[https://librivox.org/civil-disobedience-by-henry-david-thoreau/|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-armed-joy|Armed Joy]] - //Alfredo M. Bonanno// ([[https://archive.org/details/ArmedJoy|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/neither-lord-nor-subject|Neither Lord Nor Subject]] - //Bao Jingyan// ([[https://www.invidio.us/watch?v=Gs23tDAaEho|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[http://marx.libcom.org/library/god-and-state-mikhail-bakunin|God and the State]] - //Mikhail Bakunin// ([[https://librivox.org/god-and-the-state-by-mikhail-bakunin/|Audiobook]])
 +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/rudolf-rocker-anarchosyndicalism|Anarcho-Syndicalism]] - //Rudolf Rocker// ([[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTeHv2rWFci69UMKFFX7z0WfW_2SYLpqZ|Audiobook]])
   * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-gelderloos-anarchy-works|Anarchy Works]] - //Peter Gelderloos//   * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/peter-gelderloos-anarchy-works|Anarchy Works]] - //Peter Gelderloos//
-  * [[https://crimethinc.com/tce/|To Change Everything, an anarchist appeal]] - //CrimethInc Ex-Workers Collective// 
-  * [[https://zabalazabooks.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/we_house_you_are_housed_they_are_homeless_ward.pdf|We House, You are Housed, They are Homeless]] - //Colin Ward// 
  
-=== Libraries === 
- 
-  * [[https://itsgoingdown.org/|It's Going Down]] 
-  * [[https://www.anarchistlibraries.net/libraries|Anarchist Libraries]] 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/special/index|The Anarchist Library]] 
-  * [[https://library.nyc-lsc.org/|The free digital library of the New York City Libertarian Socialist Caucus of the Democratic Socialists of America]] 
-  * [[https://crimethinc.com/library|CrimethInc Ex-Workers Collective's Online Reading Library]] 
-  * [[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaO1QA8QL99_eb0XhJI2Fyw|AudibleAnarchist]] 
-  * [[https://christiebooks.co.uk/|Christie Books]] 
-  * [[https://c4ss.org/|Center for a Stateless Society]] 
- 
- 
-=== Dual Power and Infrastructure-as-Resistance === 
- 
-  * [[https://dsa-lsc.org/2018/12/31/dual-power-a-strategy-to-build-socialism-in-our-time/|Dual Power: A Strategy To Build Socialism In Our Time]] - //the Libertarian Socialist Caucus of the Democratic Socialists of America// 
-  * [[https://outgrowingcapitalism.wordpress.com|Out-Growing Capitalism]] 
  
 ---- ----
  
-===== Libertarian Marxism =====+===== Left Communism =====
 {{ :left_communism.png?nolink&200|}} {{ :left_communism.png?nolink&200|}}
-Libertarian Marxism refers to a broad scope of economic and political philosophies that emphasize the anti-authoritarian aspects of Marxism. Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as left communism, emerged in opposition to Marxist-Leninist vanguardism, it is also often critical of reformist positions, such as those held by social democrats. Libertarian Marxist currents emphasize the Marxist belief in the ability of the working class to forge its own destiny without the need for a revolutionary party or state to mediate or aid its liberation. +[[leftcommunism|Left Communism]] refers to a broad scope of economic and political philosophies that emphasize the anti-authoritarian aspects of Marxism. Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as left communism, emerged in opposition to Marxist-Leninist vanguardism, it is also often critical of reformist positions, such as those held by social democrats. Libertarian Marxist currents emphasize the Marxist belief in the ability of the working class to forge its own destiny without the need for a revolutionary party or state to mediate or aid its liberation. 
-[[https://libcom.org/library/libertarian-marxist-tendency-map|{{ :libmarx.png?nolink&375|}}]] +  * [[https://marx.libcom.org/files/Karl%20Marx-%20Wage%20Labour%20and%20Capital.pdf|Wage Labour and Capital]] - //Karl Marx// ([[https://librivox.org/wage-labour-and-capital-by-marx-karl/|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/61|Manifesto of the Communist Party]] - //Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels// ([[https://librivox.org/the-communist-manifesto-by-karl-marx-and-friendrich-engels/|Audiobook]])+  * [[https://archive.org/details/cihm_76777/page/n9|Value, Price and Profit]] - //Karl Marx// ([[https://www.invidio.us/watch?v=ZFSVc7N9wY4|Audiobook]]) 
 +  * [[https://libcom.org/library/reform-or-revolution-rosa-luxemburg|Reform or Revolution]] - //Rosa Luxemburg// ([[https://www.invidio.us/watch?v=5mWTmnLH0ec|Audiobook]]) 
 +  * [[https://marx.libcom.org/library/nationalities-question-in-the-russian-revolution-luxemburg|The National Question]] - //Rosa Luxemburg// 
 +  * [[https://www.marxistschool.org/classdocs/Philosophical_Manuscripts_1844.pdf|Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844]] - //Karl Marx// 
 +  * [[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Critique_of_the_Gotha_Programme|Critique of the Gotha Programme]] - //Karl Marx// ([[https://www.invidio.us/playlist?list=PL0-IkmzWbjoZ1cMLgKTMDjo3bkV37Dma0|Audiobook]]) 
 +  * [[https://libcom.org/library/workers-councils-book-pannekoek|Workers Councils]] - //Anton Pannekoek//
   * [[https://archive.org/details/capitalcritiqueo02marxiala|Capital]] - //Karl Marx// ([[https://librivox.org/capital-volume-1-by-karl-marx/|Audiobook]])   * [[https://archive.org/details/capitalcritiqueo02marxiala|Capital]] - //Karl Marx// ([[https://librivox.org/capital-volume-1-by-karl-marx/|Audiobook]])
-  * [[http://www.afoiceeomartelo.com.br/posfsa/Autores/Musto,%20Marcello/Karl%20Marx%C2%B4s%20Grundrisse%20-%20Foundations%20of%20the%20critique%20of%20political%20economy%20150%20years%20later.pdf|Grundrisse]] - //Karl Marx// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/the-civil-war-in-france-karl-marx|The Civil War in France]] - //Karl Marx// 
-  * [[https://www.marxistschool.org/classdocs/Philosophical_Manuscripts_1844.pdf|Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844]] - //Karl Marx// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/daniel-guerin-libertarian-marxism|Libertarian Marxism?]] - //Daniel Guérin// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/wayne-price-libertarian-marxism-s-relation-to-anarchism|Libertarian Marxism's Relation to Anarchism]] - //Wayne Price// 
-==== Autonomism ==== 
-{{ :autonomist_marxism_autonomism_by_mylittletripod-d81gcf9.png?nolink&200|Autonomist Marxism Logo: A red hammer with a fist pointing down from the bottom of the handle. A yellow compass overlays the hammer, making a shape resembling a letter A. Where the compass and the head of the hammer join there is a black star in a circle.}} 
-Autonomism emphasises the ability of the working class to force changes to the organization of the capitalist system independent of the state, trade unions or political parties. Autonomous social movements involve people directly in decisions affecting their everyday lives. They seek to expand democracy and to help individuals break free of political structures and behavior patterns imposed from the outside.  
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/Empire.pdf|Empire]] - //Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri// 
-  * [[http://rebels-library.org/files/multitude.pdf|Multitude]] - //Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri// 
-  * [[https://www.thing.net/~rdom/ucsd/biopolitics/Commonwealth.pdf|Commonwealth]] - //Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/autonomia1_rotated_merged_0.pdf|Autonomia]] 
-  * [[http://www.eroseffect.com/books/subversion_download.htm|The Subversion of Politics]] - //Georgy Katsiaficas// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/reading-capital-politically-cleaver|Reading Capital Politically]] - //Harry Cleaver// 
-  * [[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/Rupturing-the-Dialectic-final.pdf|Rupturing the Dialectic]] - //Harry Cleaver// 
- 
-==== Bordigism ==== 
-{{ :workerlogo.png?nolink&200|}} 
-Bordigism is a variant of left communism which refuses on principle any participation in parliamentary elections. 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/fundamental-theses-of-the-party-bordiga|Fundamental Theses of the Party]] - //Amadeo Bordiga// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/Amadeo%20Bordiga-%20Murder%20of%20the%20Dead.pdf|Murder of the Dead]] - //Amadeo Bordiga// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/Amadeo%20Bordiga-%20On%20the%20dialectical%20method.pdf|On the Dialectical Method]] - //Amadeo Bordiga// 
-  * [[http://www.leftcom.org/en/articles/2011-01-21/amadeo-bordiga-beyond-the-myth-and-the-rhetoric-0|Amadeo Bordiga: Beyond the Myth and the Rhetoric]] - //Onorato Damen// 
-==== Chaulieu–Montal Tendency ==== 
-The Chaulieu–Montal tendency is the political philosophy of the French libertarian socialist group 'Socialism or Barbarism' and its British counterpart 'Solidarity', following from the belief that what the working class was addressing in their daily struggles was the real content of socialism. It was critical of Leninism, rejecting the idea of a revolutionary party, and placing an emphasis on the importance of workers' councils. 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/imaginary-institution-society-cornelius-castoriadis|The Imaginary Institution of Society]] - //Cornelius Castoriadis// 
-  * [[http://www.notbored.org/FTPK.pdf|Figures of the Thinkable]] - //Cornelius Castoriadis// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/Irrational-in-politics-Maurice-Brinton|The Irrational in Politics]] - //Maurice Brinton// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/the-bolsheviks-and-workers-control-solidarity-group|The Bolsheviks and Workers Control]] - //Maurice Brinton//  
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/proletarian-experience-1952|Proletarian Experience]] - //Claude Lefort// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/what-bureaucracy|What is Bureaucracy?]] - //Claude Lefort// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/%EF%BB%BFsocialism-or-barbarism-1962|Socialism or Barbarism]] - //Solidarity// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/history/poland-1980-1982-class-struggle-crisis-capital-henri-simon|Poland 1980-1982]] - //Henri Simon// 
- 
-==== Communization ==== 
-Communization means the abolition of property itself along with any state-like institutions claiming to represent a given subset of humanity. In these accounts humanity as a whole, directly or indirectly, would take over the task of the production of goods for use (and not for exchange). People would then have free access to those goods rather than exchanging labor for money, and distribution would take place according to the maxim "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need."  
-  * [[https://resonanceaudiodistro.wordpress.com/2015/08/07/to-our-friends-audiozine/|To Our Friends]] - //The Invisible Committee// 
-  * [[http://www.minorcompositions.info/?p=299|Communization and its Discontents]] - //Benjamin Noys// 
-  * [[https://endnotes.org.uk/articles/8|Bring Out Your Dead]] - //Endnotes// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-dauve-communisation|Communisation]] - //Gilles Dauvé// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/the-story-of-our-origins-dauve|The Story of Our Origins]] - //Gilles Dauvé// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/francois-martin-and-jean-barrot-aka-gilles-dauve-eclipse-and-re-emergence-of-the-communist-move|Eclipse and Reemergence of the Communist Movement]] - //François Martin & Gilles Dauvé// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/Banquse_recollecting.pdf|Recollecting Our Past]] - //La Banquise// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/the-friends-of-4-million-young-workers-a-world-without-money-communism.pdf/|A World Without Money]] - //The Friends of 4 Million Young Workers// 
- 
-==== Council Communism ==== 
-{{ :council_communism_councilism_v2_by_mylittletripod-d81fyqm.png?nolink&200|Council Communism Logo: A multicoloured star with a black pentagon in the centre is surrounded first by a red cog and then by a larger circle composed of multicoloured hands. The hands all point inwards towards the centre of the star. The colors are shades of pink, purple, and brown}} 
-Council communism is a current of socialist thought characterized by its opposition to statism and its advocacy of workers' councils and soviet democracy as the basis for dismantling the class state. It is opposed to the party vanguardism and democratic centralism of Leninist ideologies and it contends that democratic workers' councils arising in the factories and municipalities are the natural form of working class organization and authority. Council Communism also stands in contrast to social democracy through its formal rejection of both reformism and "parliamentarism". 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/hungary-56-andy-anderson|Hungary '56]] - //Andy Anderson// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/the-revolution-is-not-a-party-affair-otto-ruhle|The Revolution is not a party affair]] - //Otto Rühle// 
-  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/otto-ruhle-the-struggle-against-fascism-begins-with-the-struggle-against-bolshevism|The Struggle Against Fascism Begins with the Struggle Against Bolshevism]] - //Otto Rühle// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/workers-councils-book-pannekoek|Workers' Councils]] - //Anton Pannekoek// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/Pannekoek%20-%20Lenin%20as%20Philosopher.pdf|Lenin as a Philosopher]] - //Anton Pannekoek// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/council-communism-mark-shipway-1987|Council Communism]] - //Mark Shipway// 
- 
-==== De Leonism ==== 
-{{ :de_leonism_marxist_syndicalism_by_mylittletripod-d81patd.png?nolink&200|A grey wrench is overlaid with a yellow compass expanded to resemble an A. Where the compass and the head of the wrench meet there is a black star inside a circle. A red cog surrounds the top and sides of the logo, with a red fist extending from the left side to hold the wrench}} 
-De Leonism is a libertarian Marxist current combining the theories of revolutionary syndicalism with orthodox Marxism. According to De Leonist theory, militant industrial unions as the vehicle of class struggle will bring about the change needed to establish a socialist system. Unlike Anarcho-Syndicalism, De Leonism believes in the necessity of a central government to coordinate production as well as in the use of a revolutionary political party in addition to union action to achieve its goals. 
-  * [[http://www.slp.org/pdf/de_leon/ddlother/reform_rev.pdf|Reform or Revolution?]] - //Daniel De Leon// 
-  * [[http://www.slp.org/pdf/de_leon/ddlother/wm_strike.pdf|What Means This Strike?]] - //Daniel De Leon// 
-  * [[http://www.slp.org/pdf/de_leon/ddlother/burn_ques.pdf|The Burning Question of Trade Unionism]] - //Daniel De Leon// 
-  * [[http://www.slp.org/pdf/de_leon/ddlother/soc_recons.pdf|The Socialist Reconstruction of Society]] - //Daniel De Leon// 
-  * [[http://www.slp.org/pdf/de_leon/ddlother/as_to_politics.pdf|As to Politics]] - //Daniel De Leon// 
- 
-==== Marxist Humanism ==== 
-{{ :ethical_socialism_by_mylittletripod_d80tnps-pre.png?nolink&200|Ethical Socialism Logo: A red star with a white dove inside it. The star is surrounded by a blue outline}} 
-Marxist humanism concluded that, as there was no true socialist society existing anywhere in the world, a return to the fundamentals of Marxism was in order - emphasizing the Marxist Theory of Alienation and Hegel's philosophy as being the foundation of Marxism. 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/new-notion|A New Notion]] - //C.L.R. James// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/State%20capitalism%20and%20world%20revolution%20-%20CLR%20James.pdf|State Capitalism & World Revolution]] - //C.L.R. James, Raya Dunayevskaya & Grace C. Lee// 
-  * [[http://www.ouleft.org/wp-content/uploads/CLR_James_The_Black_Jacobins.pdf|The Black Jacobins]] - //C.L.R. James// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/James%20-%20Facing%20Reality.pdf|Facing Reality]] - //C.L.R. James & Grace C. Lee// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/uniqueness-of-marxist-humanism-dunayevskaya|The Uniqueness of Marxist Humanism]] - //Raya Dunayevskaya// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/dialectics-algebra-revolution-dunayevskaya|Dialectics: The Algebra of Revolution]] - //Raya Dunayevskaya// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/free-speech-movement-and-the-negro-revolution-marxist-humanism|The Free Speech Movement and the Negro Revolution]] - //Raya Dunayevskaya// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/economic-reality-dialectics-liberation-dunayevskaya|Economic Reality and the Dialectics of Liberation]] - //Raya Dunayevskaya// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/death-of-subject-marxist-humanism|The Death of the Death of the Subject]] - //Peter Hudis// 
- 
-==== Luxemburgism ==== 
-{{ :luxemburgism_by_mylittletripod-d81j03y.png?nolink&200|Luxemburgism Logo: A black star within a yellow cog with a black shape above it resembling hair or a hat. Beneath these elements is a larger red star with an orange outline}} 
-Luxemburgism professes a commitment to a generalized democracy in an unarticulated form, and the necessity of a revolution to bring it about.  
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/Leninism_or_Marxism_Rosa_Luxemburg|Leninism or Marxism?]] - //Rosa Luxemburg// 
   * [[https://libcom.org/files/luxemburg%20the%20accumulation%20of%20capital.pdf|The Accumulation of Capital]] - //Rosa Luxemburg//   * [[https://libcom.org/files/luxemburg%20the%20accumulation%20of%20capital.pdf|The Accumulation of Capital]] - //Rosa Luxemburg//
-  * [[https://www.swp.org.uk/sites/all/files/pamphlets/3_revolutionary-classics-course_reform-or-revolution.pdf|Reform or Revolution]] - //Rosa Luxemburg// 
- 
-==== Open Marxism ==== 
-Open Marxism is a school of thought which draws on libertarian socialist critiques of party communism and stresses the need for openness to praxis and history through a dialectical method grounded in the "practical reflexivity" of Karl Marx's own concepts. The "openness" in open Marxism also refers to a non-deterministic view of history in which the unpredictability of class struggle is foregrounded. 
-  * Open Marxism [[http://libcom.org/files/Bonefeld,%20Gunn%20and%20Psychopedis%20-%20Open%20Marxism%20-%20Volume%201%20-%20Dialectics%20and%20History.pdf|Volume 1]], [[http://libcom.org/files/Bonefeld,%20Gunn%20and%20Psychopedis%20-%20Open%20Marxism%20-%20Volume%202%20-%20Theory%20and%20Practice.pdf|Volume 2]] and [[http://libcom.org/files/Bonefeld%20et%20al%20(Eds.)%20-%20Open%20Marxism%20Volume%20III%20-%20Emancipating%20Marx.pdf|Volume 3]] - //Werner Bonefeld, Richard Gunn, John Holloway & Kosmas Psychopedis// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/library/change-world-without-taking-power-john-holloway|Change the world without taking power]] - //John Holloway// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/Holloway%20-%20Crack%20Capitalism.pdf|Crack Capitalism]] - //John Holloway// 
-  * [[https://libcom.org/files/statedebate.pdf|The State Debate]] - //Simon Clarke// 
-  * [[https://www.viewpointmag.com/2014/10/12/theses-on-the-transformation-of-democracy-and-on-the-extra-parliamentary-opposition/|Theses on the Transformation of Democracy and on the Extra-Parliamentary Opposition]] - //Johannes Agnoli// 
- 
-==== Situationism ==== 
-Situationist theory represents an attempt to synthesize this diverse field of theoretical disciplines into a modern and comprehensive critique of advanced capitalism. The situationists recognized that capitalism had changed since Marx's formative writings, but maintained that his analysis of the capitalist mode of production remained fundamentally correct; such as his theory of alienation. They asserted that the misery of social alienation and commodity fetishism were no longer limited to the fundamental components of capitalist society, but had now in advanced capitalism spread themselves to every aspect of life and culture. 
-  * [[http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/display/4|On the Poverty of Student Life]] - //UNEF Strasbourg// 
-  * [[http://www.bopsecrets.org/SI/report.htm|Report on the Construction of Situations]] - //Guy Debord// 
-  * [[http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/pub_contents/5|The Revolution of Everyday Life]] - //Raoul Vaneigem// 
-  * [[http://library.nothingness.org/articles/SI/en/pub_contents/4|The Society of the Spectacle]] - //Guy Debord// 
- 
-==== Western Marxism ==== 
-Western-Marxism emphasises Marxism's philosophical and sociological aspects, and its origins in the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and the more humanistic works of "Young Marx". Western Marxism arose in opposition to the form of Marxism codified in the Soviet Union, and over time shifted from a political movement to an academic one. 
-  * [[https://rosswolfe.files.wordpress.com/2016/11/wilhelm-reich-character-analysis.pdf|Character Analysis]] - //Wilhelm Reich// 
-  * [[http://whale.to/b/reich.pdf|The Mass Psychology of Fascism]] - //Wilhelm Reich// 
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.507758|The Sexual Revolution]] - //Wilhelm Reich// 
-  * [[https://rosswolfe.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/georg-lukc3a1cs-history-and-class-consciousness-studies-in-marxist-dialectics.pdf|History and Class Consciousness]] - //Georgy Lukacs// 
-  * [[http://courses.justice.eku.edu/pls330_louis/docs/gramsci-prison-notebooks-vol1.pdf|Prison Notebooks]] - //Antonio Gramsci// 
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52332/page/n3|Reason And Revolution]] - //Herbert Marcuse// 
-  * [[https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/benjamin.pdf|The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction]] - //Walter Benjamin// 
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.59625|Eclipse of Reason]] - //Max Horkheimer// 
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/escapefromfreedofrom00from|Escape From Freedom]] - //Erich Fromm// 
-  * [[https://www.academia.edu/5708837/Theodor_W._Adorno_-_Minima_Moralia|Minima Moralia]] - //Theodor W. Adorno// 
-  * Eros and Civilization [[http://freudians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Marcuse-Eros-and-Civilization-Part-I-Under-the-Rule-of-the-Reality-Principle1.pdf|Part 1]] and [[http://freudians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Marcuse-Eros-and-Civilization-Part-II-Beyond-the-Reality-Principle.pdf|Part 2]] - //Herbert Marcuse// 
-  * [[https://www.marcuse.org/herbert/pubs/64onedim/odmcontents.html|One-Dimensional Man]] - //Herbert Marcuse// 
-  * [[https://thecharnelhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/theodor-adorno-negative-dialectics.pdf|Negative Dialectics]] - //Theodor W. Adorno// 
-  * [[https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/447615/0dd193e21ecb7fcdf86e3b6f18ebb955.pdf|The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere]] - //Jürgen Habermas// 
-  * [[http://blogs.unpad.ac.id/teddykw/files/2012/07/Jurgen-Habermas-The-Theory-of-Communicative-Action-Volume-2.pdf|The Theory of Communicative Action]] - //Jürgen Habermas// 
-  * [[http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/%7Erandall/Readings%20W2/Horkheimer_Max_Adorno_Theodor_W_Dialectic_of_Enlightenment_Philosophical_Fragments.pdf|Dialectic of Englightenment]] - //Max Horkheimer & Theodor W. Adorno// 
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/THEAUTHORITARIANPERSONALITY.Adorno|The Authoritarian Personality]] - //Theodor W. Adorno, Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson & Nevitt Sanford// 
-  * [[https://www.sfu.ca/~andrewf/CONCEPT2.html|Theses on the Philosophy of History]] - //Walter Benjamin// 
- 
  
 ---- ----
- +===== Social Ecology and Communalism ===== 
-===== Other Tendencies ===== +{{ :communalism_according_to_bookchin_by_mylittletripod-d829twv.png?nolink&200|Communalism Logo: A black star outlined in red enclosed in a brown wheel with green spokes}} 
-==== Utopian Socialism ==== +[[Communalism]] is a system of government in which virtually autonomous local communities are brought together in a confederation under the principles and practice of communal ownership. Social Ecology is its recognition of the often-overlooked fact that nearly all our present ecological problems arise from deep-seated social problems. 
-{{ :utopianism.png?nolink&200|Utopianism Logo: A red modified star with a blue filigree eye design over it, enclosed in a blue and red circle}} +  * [[https://www.filmsforaction.org/articles/communalism-a-liberatory-alternative/|Communalism]] - //Marcus & Stephanie Amargi// ([[https://archive.org/details/communalism-audio-pamphlet|Audiobook]])  
-Utopian socialism is the presentation of visions and outlines for imaginary or futuristic ideal societies, with positive ideals being the main reason for moving society in such a direction. Utopian socialists generally do not believe any form of class struggle is necessary for socialism to emerge, instead that people of all classes can voluntarily adopt their plan for society if it is presented convincingly. They feel their form of cooperative socialism can be established among like-minded people within the existing society and that their small communities can demonstrate the feasibility of their plan for society.  +  * [[http://www.williamcronon.net/writing/Trouble_with_Wilderness_Main.html|The Trouble With Wilderness]] - //William Cronon// ([[https://archive.org/details/TheTroubleWithWilderness|Audiobook]]) 
-  * [[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2130|Utopia]] - //Thomas More// ([[https://librivox.org/utopia-by-thomas-more-tr-robinson/|Audiobook]]) +  * [[http://www.rainmagazine.com/archive/1992/cities-against-centralization|Cities Against Centralization]] - //Greg Bryant// 
-  * [[http://www.bilderberg.org/land/lawofree.htm|The Law of Freedom in a Platform]] - //Gerard Winstanley// +  * [[https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-ursula-k-le-guin-the-next-revolution|The Next Revolution]] - //Murray Bookchin// ([[https://archive.org/details/thenextrevolution|Audiobook]]) 
-  * The Passions of the Human Soul and Their Influence on Society and Civilization [[https://archive.org/details/ThePassionsOfTheHumanSoulAndTheirInfluenceOnSocietyAndCivilizationVolume1/page/n2|Volume 1]] and [[https://archive.org/details/ThePassionsOfTheHumanSoulAndTheirInfluenceOnSocietyAndCivilizationVolume2/page/n2|Volume 2]] - //Charles Fourier// +  * [[https://libcom.org/library/anthropology-utopia|The Anthropology of Utopia]] - //Dan Chodorkoff//  
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/TheTheoryOfTheFourMovementsByCharlesFourier|The Theory of Four Movements]] - //Charles Fourier// +  * [[https://libcom.org/library/ecology-freedom-murray-bookchin|The Ecology of Freedom]] - //Murray Bookchin// ([[https://archive.org/details/ecologyoffreedom|Audiobook]])
-  * [[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/368/368OwenNewViewtable.pdf|A New View of Society]] - //Robert Owen// +
- +
-==== Guild Socialism ==== +
-{{ :guild_socialism.png?nolink&200|Guild Socialism Logo: A red star with a grey gear along its top 3 points, stamped on a brown shield}} +
-Guild socialism is a political movement advocating workers' control of industry through the medium of trade-related guilds "in an implied contractual relationship with the public". Guilds would not confine their demands to matters of wages and conditions but would seek to obtain control of industry for the workers whom they represented. Ultimately, industrial guilds would serve as the organs through which industry would be organised in a future socialist society.  +
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/restorationofgil00pentrich/page/n8|Restoration of the Guild System]] - //Arthur Penty// +
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/nationalguildsin00hobsiala|National Guilds]] - //Samuel George Hobson// +
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/guildsocialismre00coleuoft|Guild Socialism Restated]] - //G.D.H. Cole// +
-  * [[https://archive.org/details/selfgovernmentin00coleuoft/page/n8|Self Government in Industry]] - //G.D.H. Cole// +
- +
-==== Inclusive Democracy ==== +
-{{ :d7y5gp7-b404ab49-bcd0-4829-9bbf-b01928fc243e.png?nolink&200|Inclusive Democracy Logo: Blue and red hands shaking in the centre of a black circle. The circle has differently colored spokes radiating out from it, which are in turn enclosed in an outer circle with two arrows pointing inwards}} +
-Inclusive Democracy is a project that aims for direct democracy; economic democracy in a stateless, moneyless and marketless economy; democracy in the social realm through self-management; and ecological democracy. +
- +
-  * [[http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/fotopoulos/english/brbooks/brtid/brtid.htm|Towards an Inclusive Democracy]] - //Takis Fotopoulos// +
-  * [[http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/ss/ss.htm|The Multidimensional Crisis and Inclusive Democracy]] - //Takis Fotopoulos// +
-  * [[http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/vol5/Special_Issue_Winter_2009.pdf|Global Capitalism and the Demise of the Left]] - //Steve Best// +
- +
-==== Participism ==== +
-{{ :participatory_society.png?nolink&200|Participism Logo: Four interlocking solid circles in different colors: black, pink, green, and red.}} +
-Participism consists of two independently created economic and political systems: participatory economics or "parecon" and participatory politics or "parpolity". Participism envisions remaking all of human society from the bottom up according to principles of direct participatory democracy and replacing economic and social competition with cooperation. Supporters of what is termed a "participatory society" support the eventual dissolution of the centralized state, markets, and money.  +
- +
-  * [[http://www.iopsociety.org/download/file/Participatory-Politics_17-01-2013_18-19.docx|Participatory Politics]] - //Stephen Shalom// +
-  * [[http://www.iopsociety.org/download/file/An-Introduction-to-Participatory09Economicsbookformat-1-1_04-06-2013_15-22.pdf|Introduction to Participatory Economics]] - //Michael Albert & Robert Hahnel// +
-  * [[http://gesd.free.fr/albert.pdf|In Defense of Participatory Economics]] - //Michael Albert & Robert Hahnel// +
  
 ---- ----
 +===== Further Reading =====
 +[[Tendencies|Other Tendencies]] of Libertarian Socialism include Utopianism, Guild Socialism, Inclusive Democracy, Participism and Neozapatismo. 
politics.1557689813.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/05/12 19:36 by greenandblack