“We kill people based on metadata.” —Former CIA and NSA Director US General Michael Hayden

(ToDo)

(To explain further)

• Ricochet
• * Cwtch
• Briar

Similar to how the internet is built layer-by-layer, each one using the guarantees of the previous layer to establish more reliable data-transmission capabilities, Metadata-Resistant Applications build on the guarantees of the previous layer to provide more capabilities, while showing that their capabilities do not break privacy.